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Feminist Frictions:
Title IX

Digital Archive:
Primary and Legal Documentation

Accompanying Catharine R. Stimpson's Feminist Frictions essay, "Dereliction, Due Process, and Decorum: The Crises of Title IX"

Other Digital Archive Pages:

Retrospectives & Overviews | Legal Theory & Implementation | Sexual Violence & Title IX | Gender Inclusion & Title IX | Sports & Title IX | Consent & Sexual Violence in Broader Perspective | Teachable Signs Articles

US Government Documents

Title IX of The Education Amendments of 1972, Pub. L. No. 20 U.S.C. Ð 1681-1688 (1972).

“A Policy Interpretation: Title IX and  Intercollegiate Athletics.” Federal Register 44, no. 239 (December 11, 1979).

Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 (1988). 

“Conforming Amendments to the Regulations Governing Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Race, Color, National Origin, Disability, Sex, and Age Under the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987.” Federal Register, December 13, 2000, 68049–57. 

United States Government Accountability Office. “Gender Issues Women’s Participation in the Sciences Has Increased, but Agencies Need to Do More to Ensure Compliance with Title IX: Report to Congressional Requesters.” Washington, D.C. (441 G St. NW, Rm 7149, Washington, D.C. 20548), Washington, D.C.]: USGAO, USGovernment Accountability Office, 2004. 

“Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance.” Federal Register, October 25, 2006, 62529–43. 

Obama-era documents

Ali, Russlyn. “Dear Colleague Letter on Harassment and Bullying.” US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, October 26, 2010. 

Ali, Russlyn. “Dear Colleague Letter.” April 4, 2011. 

United States Department of Justice. “Equal Access to Education: Forty Years of Title IX.” United States Department of Justice, June 23, 2012. 

“Intersection of Title IX and the Clery Act.” White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, April 2014. 

US Department of Education. “Questions and Answers on Title IX and Sexual Violence.” United States Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, April 29, 2014. 

United States Congress Senate Committee on Health, Education. “Forty Years and Counting: The Triumphs of Title IX : Hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session On Examining Title IX, Focusing On Forty Years and Counting, June 19, 2012.” United States Congress. Washington: US Government Publishing Office, 2015. 

“Violence Against Women Act.” Federal Register, July 1, 2015, 62751–90. 

Lhamon, Catherine, and Vanita Gupta. “Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Students.” US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, May 13, 2016. 

Trump-era documents

DeVos, Betsey. “Secretary DeVos Prepared Remarks on Title IX Enforcement.” Speech, George Mason University, September 7, 2017. 

US Department of Education. “Q&A on Campus Sexual Misconduct.” United States Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, September 2017. 

“Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance.” Federal Register 85, no. 97 (August 14, 2020): 30026–579. 

“Notice of the Rescission of Outdated Guidance Documents.” Federal Register, August 31, 2020, 54148–75. 

Lee, Mike. S.251: A bill to provide that for purposes of determining compliance with title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 in athletics, sex shall be recognized based solely on a person’s reproductive biology and genetics at birth., Pub. L. No. S. 251 (2021). 

Steube, Gregory W. H.R. 426: Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2021, Pub. L. No. H.R. 426 (2021). 

Court Cases

Cannon v. University of Chicago, No. 77-926 (United States Supreme Court May 14, 1979). 

Haffer v. Temple University, No. 82-1049 (U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania September 7, 1982). 

Grove City College v. Bell, No. 82-792 (United States Supreme Court February 28, 1984). 

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools, No. 90-918 (United States Supreme Court February 26, 1992). 

Cohen v. Brown University, No. 95-2205 (United States Court of Appeals, First Circuit November 21, 1996). 

Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education, No. 97-843 (United States Supreme Court May 24, 1999). 

Communities for Equity v. Michigan High School Athletic Association, No. 02-1127 (United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit July 27, 2004). 

Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education, No. 02-1672 (United States Supreme Court March 29, 2005). 

Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association, No. 03-5245, 03-5278 (United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit March 17, 2006). 

John Doe v. Columbia University, No. 15-1536 (US Second Circuit July 29, 2016). 

Board of Education of the Highland Local School District v. U.S. Department of Education (United States District Court, S.D. Ohio, Eastern Division September 26, 2016). 

Whitaker v. Kenosha Unified School District, No. 17-301 (U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit May 30, 2017). 

Doe v. Claremont McKenna College, No. B281722 (California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division One August 8, 2018). 

Doe v. University of Southern California, No. B271834 (California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division Seven December 11, 2018). 

Doe v. Rhodes College, No. 2:19-cv-02336 (District Court, W.D. Tennessee June 14, 2019). 

Haidak v. University of Massachusetts-Amherst, No. 18-1248 (1st Cir. 2019), No. 18-1248 (U.S Court of Appeals, First Circuit August 6, 2019). 

Doe v. Trustees of Boston College, No. 19-1871 (U.S Court of Appeals, First Circuit November 20, 2019). 

Doe v. Michigan State University, No. 20-1043 (U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit February 25, 2021). 

Lambda Legal. “Adams v. The School Board of St. Johns County, Florida.”  

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