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Campus Cultures and Title IX

Currentss Logo Final 1


Digital Archive:
Campus Cultures and Title IX

Accompanying Janet Halley’s Currents essay, “The Move to Affirmative Consent“

Other Digital Archive Pages:
 Affirmative Consent | Consent & the Law | Agency, Coercion, & Sexual Violence | Campaigns & Resources | Teachable Signs Articles

Online Articles

Darializa Avila-Chevalier, Sister Outsider: Examining the Intersection between Race and Sexual Assault at Columbia, Columbia Spectator, 2015

Emily Bazelon, Have We Learned Anything from the Columbia Rape Case?, The New York Times, 2015

Alexandra Brodsky and Elizabeth Deutsh, The Promise of Title IX: Sexual Violence and the Law, Dissent Magazine, 2015

William Celis, Date Rape and a List at Brown, The New York Times, 1990

Meghan Daum, Time for Young Feminists to Look beyond the Mattress and Campus Rape, Los Angeles Times, 2015

Reina A.E. Gattuso, A Growing Movement: Students Aim to Change Culture and Policies Surrounding Sexual Assault on Campus, The Harvard Crimson, 2012

Jared Greenhouse, How Title IX Failed These Black Women Who Spoke Out about Their Rape Allegations, The Huffington Post, 2015

Jessica Grose. 10 Women on What Hooking Up and Consent Really Looks Like in College, Elle, 2015


Janet Halley, A Call to Arms, Harvard Crimson, 2015



Caroline Heldman and Baillee Brown, Why Colleges Won’t (Really) Address Rape Culture, Ms. Blog, 2014

Zoë Heller, Rape on the Campus, The New York Review of Books, 2015

Sukjong Hong, Yale’s Response to Campus Rape, The Feminist Wire, 2015

Julie Zeilinger, The Treatment of Emma Sulkowicz Proves We Still Have No Idea How to Talk about Rape,  Identities.Mic., 2015

Tyler Kingkade, The Woman Behind #SurvivorPrivilege Was Kicked Out Of School after Being Raped, The Huffington Post, 2015

Laura Kipnis, Sexual Paranoia Strikes Academe, The Chronicle of Higher Education,  2015

Laura Kipnis, My Title IX Inquisition, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2015

Sara Lipka, An Arc of Outrage, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2015

Jessica Luther, The Wrestler and the Rape Victim, VICE Sports, 2015

Katherine Mangan, Kipnis Case Highlights Perilous Clash of Title IX and Academic Freedom, The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2015

Viviana Maymi, Here’s How I Was Raped, The Harvard Crimson, 2015

The Sex Lives of College Students, The Cut, 2015

Callie Marie Rennison, Who Suffers Most from Rape and Sexual Assault in America?, The New York Times, 2015


Emma Sulkowicz, My Rapist Is Still on Campus Time, 2014


Salamishah Tillet, Race and Campus Rape: Equal under the Law?, Public Books. 2015

Rossalyn Warren, Student Says He ‘Doesn’t Look Like a Rapist’ and Doesn’t Need Sexual Consent Class, BuzzFeed, 2015


Cheryl Corley, HBCUs Move To Address Campus Sexual Assaults, But Is It Enough?, NPR.org, 2015


Popaganda: Feminism on Campus, Bitch Media, 2015


Noreen Malone, Hanna Rosin, and June Thomas, DoubleX Gabfest: The Triple X Edition, Slate, 2015

Mattress_Performance_rules_of_engagement

"Mattress Performance rules of engagement" by Emma Sulkowicz -  Art in America. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 via Commons.

Emma Sulkowicz, Carry That Weight, 2014-15

Title_9

By Know Your IX.



Kirby Dick, The Hunting Ground, 2015

Lady Gaga, Till It Happens To You, 2015

Amy Ziering and Kirby Dick, The Hunting Ground: The Inside Story of Sexual Assault on American College Campuses, Skyhorse Publishing, 2016


Academic Articles

Antonia Abbey, Lisa Thomson Ross, Donna Mcduffie, and Pam McAuslan, Alcohol and Dating Risk Factors for Sexual Assault Among College Women, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1996

Leah E. Adams-Curtis and Gordon B. Forbes, College Women’s Experiences of Sexual Coercion A Review of Cultural, Perpetrator, Victim, and Situational Variables, Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2004

Elizabeth A. Armstrong, Laura Hamilton, and Brian Sweeney, Sexual Assault on Campus: A Multilevel, Integrative Approach to Party Rape, Social Problems, 2006

Elizabeth Armstrong, Laura Hamilton, and Paula England, Is Hooking Up Bad for Young Women?, Contexts, 2010

Laina Bay-Cheng and Rebecca Eliseo-Arras, The Making of Unwanted Sex: Gendered and Neoliberal Norms in College Women’s Unwanted Sexual Experiences, Journal of Sex Research, 2008

Scot Boeringer, Constance Shehan, and Ronald Akers, Social Contexts and Social Learning in Sexual Coercion and Aggression: Assessing the Contribution of Fraternity Membership, Family Relations, 1991

Angela Borges,  Victoria Banyard, and Mary Moynihan, Clarifying Consent: Primary Prevention of Sexual Assault on a College Campus,  Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 2008

Ayres Boswell  and Joan Z. Spade, Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture: Why Are Some Fraternities More Dangerous Places for Women?, Gender and Society, 1996

Ted Brimeyer  and William Smith, Religion, Race, Social Class, and Gender Differences in Dating and Hooking Up among College Students,  Sociological Spectrum, 2012

Laura  Buchholz, The Role of University Health Centers in Intervention and Prevention of Campus Sexual Assault, JAMA, 2015

Amy M. Burdette, Christopher G. Ellison, Terrence D. Hill, and Norval D. Glenn, “Hooking Up” at College: Does Religion Make a Difference?, The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2009

Angela M. Borges,  Victoria L. Baynard, and Mary M. Moynihan, Clarifying Consent: Primary Prevention of Sexual Assault on a College Campus, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 2008

Stacey Copenhaver and Elizabeth Grauerholz, Sexual Victimization among Sorority Women: Exploring the Link between Sexual Violence and Institutional Practices, Sex Roles, 1991

Walter Dekeseredy and Katharine Kelly, The Incidence and Prevalence of Woman Abuse in Canadian University and College Dating Relationships, Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1993

Ginger Faulkner, Russell Kolts, and Gail Hicks, Sex Role Ideology, Relationship Context, and Response to Sexual Coercion in College Females, Sex Roles, 2008

Bonnie S. Fisher, John J. Sloan, Francis T. Cullen, and Chunmeng Lu, Crime in the Ivory Tower: The Level and Sources of Student Victimization, Criminology, 1998

Janice D. Flezzani and James M. Benshoff, Understanding Sexual Aggression in Male College Students: The Role of Self-Monitoring and Pluralistic Ignorance,  Journal of College Counseling, 2003

Janet Halley, Trading the Megaphone for the Gavel in Title IX Enforcement, Harvard Law Review, 2015

Stephen Henrick,  A Hostile Environment for Student Defendants: Title IX and Sexual Assault on College Campuses,  Northern Kentucky Law Review, 2013

Mary J.  Heppner, Helen A. Neville, Kendra Smith, Dennis M. Kivlighan, and Beth S. Gershuny, Examining Immediate and Long-Term Efficacy of Rape Prevention Programming with Racially Diverse College Men, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1999

Stephen E. Humphrey and Arnold S. Kahn, Fraternities, Athletic Teams, and Rape: Importance of Identification with a Risky Group, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2000

Stacey T. Hust, Emily Garrigues Marett, Chunbo Ren, Paula Adams, Jessica Willoughby, Ming Lei, Weina Ran, and Cassie Norman, Establishing and Adhering to Sexual Consent: The Association between Reading Magazines and College Students’ Sexual Consent Negotiation, Journal of Sex Research, 2014

Kristen N. Jozkowski, Zoë D. Peterson, Stephanie A. Sanders, Barbara Dennis, and Michael Reece, Gender Differences in Heterosexual College Students’ Conceptualizations and Indicators of Sexual Consent: Implications for Contemporary Sexual Assault Prevention Education, Journal of Sex Research, 2014

Linda Kalof, Vulnerability to Sexual Coercion among College Women: A Longitudinal Study, Gender Issues, 2000

Jennifer Katz, Effects of Group Status and Victim Sex on Male Bystanders’ Responses to a Potential Party Rape,  Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 2015

Mary P. Koss, Christine A. Gidycz, and Nadine Wisniewski, The Scope of Rape: Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Aggression and Victimization in a National Sample of Higher Education Students, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1987

Mary P. Koss, Jay K. Wilgus, and Kaaren M. Williamsen, Campus Sexual Misconduct Restorative Justice Approaches to Enhance Compliance With Title IX Guidance, Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2014

Karen M. Kramer, Rule by Myth: The Social and Legal Dynamics Governing Alcohol-Related Acquaintance Rapes, Stanford Law Review, 1994

Christopher P. Krebs, Kelle Barrick, Christine H. Lindquist, Carmen M. Crosby, Chimi Boyd, and Yolanda Bogan, The Sexual Assault of Undergraduate Women at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2012

Mary Larimer,  Amy Lydum, Britt Anderson, and Aaron Turner, Male and Female Recipients of Unwanted Sexual Contact in a College Student Sample: Prevalence Rates, Alcohol Use, and Depression Symptoms, Sex Roles, 1999

Melissa Lewis, Hollie Granato, Jessica Blayney, Ty Lostutter, and Jason Kilmer, Predictors of Hooking Up Sexual Behaviors and Emotional Reactions Among U.S. College Students, Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2012

Heather Littleton, Carmen Breitkopf, and Abbey Berenson, Beyond the Campus: Unacknowledged Rape among Low-Income Women, Violence Against Women, 2008

Megan Manthos, Jesse Owen, and Frank Fincham, A New Perspective on Hooking Up among College Students: Sexual Behavior as a Function of Distinct Groups, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2014

Patricia Yancey Martin and Robert A. Hummer, Fraternities and Rape on Campus, Gender and Society, 1989

Elizabeth Aura Mcclintock, When Does Race Matter? Race, Sex, and Dating at an Elite University, Journal of Marriage and Family, 2010

Jesse Owen, Frank Fincham, and Jon Moore, Short-Term Prospective Study of Hooking Up Among College Students, Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2011

Jesse Owen, Galena Rhoades, Scott Stanley, and Frank Fincham, “Hooking Up” among College Students: Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates,  Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2010

Elizabeth L. Paul, Brian Mcmanus, and Allison Hayes,“Hookups”: Characteristics and Correlates of College Students’ Spontaneous and Anonymous Sexual Experiences.(Statistical Data Included), The Journal of Sex Research, 2000

Judy Porter and LaVerne McQuiller Williams, Intimate Violence Among Underrepresented Groups on a College Campus, Journal Of Interpersonal Violence, 2011

Diane Rosenfeld, Uncomfortable Conversations: Confronting the Reality of Target Rape on Campus, Harvard Law Review, 2015

Peggy Sanday, Rape-Prone versus Rape-Free Campus Cultures, Violence Against Women, 1996

Susan Sprecher,  Elaine Hatfield, Anthony Cortese, Elena Potapova, and Anna Levitskaya, Token Resistance to Sexual Intercourse and Consent to Unwanted Sexual Intercourse: College Students’ Dating Experiences in Three Countries, Journal of Sex Research, 1994

Mindy Stombler,“Buddies” or “Slutties”: The Collective Sexual Reputation of Fraternity Little Sisters, Gender and Society, 1994

Mindy Stombler and Irene Padavic, Sister Acts: Resisting Men’s Domination in Black and White Fraternity Little Sister Programs, Social Problems, 1997

Murray Straus, Prevalence of Violence against Dating Partners by Male and Female University Students Worldwide, Violence Against Women, 2004

Lori Sudderth, Penny Leisring, and Eric Bronson, If They Don’t Tell Us, It Never Happened: Disclosure of Experiences of Intimate Violence on a College Campus, Canadian Woman Studies, 2009

Grayson Sang Walker, The Evolution and Limits of Title IX Doctrine on Peer Sexual Assault, Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 2010

Sally K. Ward, Acquaintance Rape and the College Social Scene, Family Relations, 1991

Books

Kathleen A. Bogle, Hooking Up: Sex, Dating, and Relationships on Campus, 2008

Carol Bohmer, Sexual Assault on Campus : The Problem and the Solution, 1993

Alan D. DeSantis, Inside Greek U.: Fraternities, Sororities, and the Pursuit of Pleasure, Power, and Prestige, 2007

Allen J. Ottens and Kathy Hotelling,  Sexual Violence on Campus : Policies, Programs, and Perspectives, Springer, 2001

Martin D. Schwartz, Sexual Assault on the College Campus: The Role of Male Peer Support, 1997

freespeechtv, Understanding Hookup Culture with Paula England, 2013

Denice Ann Evans, Spitting Game: The College Hookup Culture, Media Education Foundation, 2009

Primary Documents:

US Department of Justice, Title IX

Office for Civil Rights, Dear Colleague Letter, April 4, 2011

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